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Stellar cosmic rays as an important source of ionization in protoplanetary discs: a disc mass-dependent process

Rodgers-Lee, Donna orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-0100-1297, Taylor, A. M., Downes, Turlough orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-7639-5446 and Ray, Tom orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-2110-1068 (2019) Stellar cosmic rays as an important source of ionization in protoplanetary discs: a disc mass-dependent process. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society, 491 (4). pp. 4742-4751. ISSN 0035-8711

Abstract
We assess the ionizing effect of low-energy protostellar cosmic rays in protoplanetary discs around a young solar mass star for a wide range of disc parameters. We assume a source of low-energy cosmic rays located close to the young star that travels diffusively through the protoplanetary disc. We use observationally inferred values from nearby star-forming regions for the total disc mass and the radial density profile. We investigate the influence of varying the disc mass within the observed scatter for a solar mass star. We find that for a large range of disc masses and density profiles that protoplanetary discs are ‘optically thin’ to low-energy (∼3 GeV) cosmic rays. At R ∼ 10 au, for all of the discs that we consider (Mdisc = 6.0 × 10−4– 2.4 × 10−2M), the ionization rate due to low-energy stellar cosmic rays is larger than that expected from unmodulated galactic cosmic rays. This is in contrast to our previous results that assumed a much denser disc that may be appropriate for a more embedded source. At R ∼ 70 au, the ionization rate due to stellar cosmic rays dominates in ∼50 per cent of the discs. These are the less massive discs with less steep density profiles. At this radius, there is at least an order of magnitude difference in the ionization rate between the least and most massive disc that we consider. Our results indicate, for a wide range of disc masses, that low-energy stellar cosmic rays provide an important source of ionization at the disc mid-plane at large radii (∼70 au).
Metadata
Item Type:Article (Published)
Refereed:Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords:diffusion turbulence methods: numerical protoplanetary discs; stars: lowmass; (ISM); cosmic rays
Subjects:Physical Sciences > Astronomy > Astrophysics
DCU Faculties and Centres:DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Science and Health > School of Mathematical Sciences
Publisher:Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society
Official URL:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3266
Copyright Information:© 2019 The Authors.
Funders:Irish Research Council.
ID Code:29311
Deposited On:22 Dec 2023 10:44 by Vidatum Academic . Last Modified 22 Dec 2023 10:44
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